Stefan and Franciszka Themerson, perhaps the most influential of Polish experimental filmmakers, produced five films from 1930 to 1937 that rank with the greatest of the European avant-garde. These five—Pharmacy, Europa, Moment Musical, Short Circuit, and The Adventure of a Good Citizen—revealed moving photograms as a new medium. Europa (1931-32) was based on Antol Stern's poem describing in a series of images the current condition of the world while Moment Musical made in 1933 was the Themersons first sound film. This three-minute commercial was set to Ravel's music and advertised the fashion merchandise of Wanda Golinska.